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問題 #1

A 54-year-old man was referred to the diabetes foot clinic with a plantar foot ulcer of 3 months' duration under the right first metatarsal head. He had a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. He lived alone and had to do his own shopping and cleaning.
On examination, the ulcer was 3 ? 2 cm in area, 4 mm in depth, and had a clean granulating base. He had strong palpable pedal pulses and sensory neuropathy in both feet.
What is the most effective intervention to heal this ulcer?

A. long-term oral antibiotics
B. total contact casting
C. removable pressure-relieving boot
D. ambulatory vacuum-assisted pump therapy
E. Manuka honey-impregnated wound dressing

問題 #2

An 18-year-old man presented with delayed puberty.
On examination, he had a high arched palate. His sense of smell was intact, and he had a
family history of pubertal delay. Kallman's syndrome was suspected.
Investigations:
serum testosterone0.3 nmol/L (9.0-35.0)
serum follicle-stimulating hormone1.0 U/L (1.0-7.0)
serum luteinising hormone1.0 U/L (1.0-10.0)
bone age15 years
What further clinical finding would most strongly support the diagnosis of Kallman's
syndrome?

A. eunuchoid habitus
B. night blindness
C. bimanual synkinesia (mirror movements)
D. testes 6 mL bilaterally
E. short stature

問題 #3

A 33-year-old woman was seen for diabetes review 2 months after her first pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. She had experienced no symptoms; routine urinalysis had shown glucose 4+, with no ketones, and her fasting blood glucose concentration was 6.2 mmol/L (3.0-6.0), rising to 13.5 mmol/L (<7.8) in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. She had been treated with insulin during the pregnancy, and stopped after delivery. Her mother and maternal aunt had been treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a maternal uncle for type 1 diabetes. Her body mass index was 23.7 kg/m2 (18-25).
Without insulin she remained well, with no osmotic symptoms, no weight loss and no ketosis.
Investigations:
fasting plasma glucose8.4 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
haemoglobin A1c68 mmol/mol (20-42)
oral glucose tolerance test (75 g):
fasting plasma glucose7.9 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
2-h plasma glucose13.8 mmol/L (<7.8)
serum insulin72 pmol/L (<186)
serum C-peptide945 pmol/L (180-360)
A trial of therapy with gliclazide 40 mg once daily led to a significant improvement in her blood glucose.
What is the most likely cause of her diabetes?

A. maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by glucokinase mutation
B. maturity-onset diabetes of the young caused by HNF-1? mutation
C. type 2 diabetes mellitus
D. type 1 diabetes mellitus
E. latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood

問題 #4

A 17-year-old girl was referred to the transition clinic. She was taking hydrocortisone 10 mg twice daily and fludrocortisone 150 micrograms daily following a failed short tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test 5years previously. She had entered puberty at the age of 10 but had never achieved adult breast development or menarche.
Investigations:
haemoglobin95 g/L (115-165)
MCV124 fL (80-96)
white cell count8.4 ? 109/L (4.0-11.0)
platelet count334 ? 109/L (150-400)
serum sodium138 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium4.4 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum urea3.5 mmol/L (2.5-7.0)
serum corrected calcium1.80 mmol/L (2.20-2.60)
serum follicle-stimulating hormone67.9 U/L (2.5-10.0)
serum luteinising hormone56.4 U/L (2.5-10.0)
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Turner's syndrome
B. atypical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
C. autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1
D. hypothalamic germinoma
E. pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

問題 #5

A 49-year-old woman presented with a mass in her neck that was causing no specific symptoms.
Examination revealed a solitary nodule in the right thyroid lobe, with no associated lymphadenopathy. Thyroid function was normal. No other abnormality was noted. There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy in the neck.
Investigations:
ultrasound scan of necksolid hypoechoic nodule 1.8 ? 1.2 ? 1 cm
in right thyroid lobe;
cyst 0.6 ? 0.3 ? 0.2 cm in left thyroid lobe
cytology (fine-needle aspirationscanty colloid with abundant
from nodule in right lobe)thyroid follicular cells (Thy3f)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A. repeat cytology for confirmation
B. total thyroidectomy for histological diagnosis
C. serum thyroglobulin
D. reassure that the nodule is not malignant and discharge
E. thyroid lobectomy for histological diagnosis

問題與答案：